Poststructuralism and Critical Theory - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Poststructuralism and Critical Theory. Answer: Introduction: Working with children is a crucial and precarious job. The children possess an impressionable mind at their tender age, which makes it easy as well as a tad difficult for the teachers to impart the correct method and type of education. There are many theories that come into consideration while working with children. One of the most significant theories that can be considered while taking into consideration the aspect of the learning of children is the Sociocultural theory. The impact of the socio-cultural perspectives on a child is extremely important. It Management shapes and molds the thought process and impression of a child. The social interaction of the family with the child is crucial in shaping his future. According to McInerney and McInerney, children are surrounded by their culture that is reflected by language, tools and social structures (Arthur et al., 2015). It decides the course of the cognitive development in the child. According to the theorists, the cultural groups e volve with the help of the collective activity of the members of a particular social group. The cultural group that a child grows up in is crucial for the development of the child. Sociocultural theorist, Rogoff, highlights the importance of the role that families play in structuring the identity and the thought process of a child. With participating in the community and family life, children increase their store of knowledge. The sociocultural theory dares us to evaluate our assumptions and ideas about age-old practices of early childhood practice to analyse the relevance of the lessons. The postmodernism and poststructuralism theories often co-exist together. Postmodern views identify the changes that exist and are brought about in the society whereas poststructuralism identifies the changes that are evident in individuals in the society. These views are necessary to assess the development of a child. These two perspectives explain the importance of community and family in the growth and development of a child. The focus is mainly on the habitus, social field, social capital and discourse (Arthur et al., 2015). The other theories that can be drawn on that provide new insights are Management poststructuralism and postmodernism. Poststructuralism classifies the world on the basis of structures. These structures are applicable to all individuals. The poststructural views address the issues of the relationship between the adults, the child and the cultural context that they share. The change or the transformation for each individuals are identified using the poststructuralism perspectives. Postmodernism views investigates the modern perspectives of the notion of the dichotomies like inappropriate and appropriate behaviour. According to the theory, there are many versions of truths and many views of the world and various ways and patterns of behaving and learning. The postmodern theorists challenge the assumptions and concepts like developmental psychology and strive to work for the development and expansion of the range of viewpoints that are possible for the education of a child (Arthur et al. , 2015). I think it is important to have an understanding of contemporary perspectives of the learning of children. It is so because it is needed to engage in reflective practice, change and cultural action. It is important to understand the significance of cultural context in the learning of children. It is important to revere the variety and focus solely on social justice and equity. It is important to build an effective partnership with the parents and communities of the children for the better growth and development of the child. It is important to build relationships and mutual environment of learning, focus on the learning process, provide a meaningful curriculum that is helpful for the children and document the learning of the children so that the strengths and weaknesses are demarcated clearly. Curriculum approaches and pedagogies Broadly defined, the term curriculum defines everything that happens throughout the day. The subjects comprising a course in an educational institution like schools and colleges. Curriculum includes what is planned and what is intended to be taught to the children. It also includes planned, unplanned, spontaneous interactions and experiences (Arthur et al., 2015). The curriculum approaches are the approaches that a curriculum follows in a particular educational institution. There are many combinations of curriculum approaches that exist which are as follows: Adult-centred approach and child-centred approach Segregated approach and integrated approach Individual developmental approach and community learners approach Predetermined approach and emergent approach Transmission approach and constructivist approach Old basics approach and new basics approach Exclusive approach and inclusive approach Monocultural and monolingual approach and multicultural and multilingual approach Conformative approach and transformative approach Single intelligence approach and multiple Management intelligence approach The term pedagogy refers to the practice and method of teaching an academic or a theoretical concept. Pedagogies are the processes and actions that the educators or the teachers organise and implement. They impart the philosophy and approaches using the method. They transform the curriculum into practice (Arthur et al., 2015). It is important to have an understanding of the concepts because, the education, growth and development of a child is an important aspect. The development of a child is a precarious path. It takes into account a variety of approaches and theories to make a child grow up successfully. Therefore, it is important to have an understanding of these concepts. An authentic assessment of the learning of children in the workplace can be done by assessing the tasks and assignments completed by students. Authentic assessment is conducted through respectful, supportive and meaningful interactions between the students and the teacher. An authentic assessment offers an analysis of the descriptive information about the learning of the children. How will you use your documentation within your curriculum planning and implementation? The use of documentation in the process of curriculum planning and implementation is an important aspect. Educators or teachers should reflect on their own pedagogical practices and principles. The factors that have to be kept in mind while documentation are: the knowledge, interest and the disposition of the children. the progress of the children. problems faced by the children in grasping the lessons evidence of learning process effectiveness of teaching strategies References: Arthur, L., Breecher, B., Death, E., Dockett, S. and Farmer, S. (2015). Programming and Planning in early childhood settings. 6th ed. Cengage Learning, pp.1-35, 207-256, 257-312. Tyler, R.W., 2013.Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. University of Chicago press. Van Lier, L., 2014.Interaction in the language curriculum: Awareness, autonomy and authenticity. Routledge. McLaren, P., 2015.Life in schools: An introduction to critical pedagogy in the foundations of education. Routledge. Van Manen, M., 2016.The tone of teaching: The language of pedagogy. Routledge. Squires, D. A. (2014). A Balanced Curriculum Approach for Educational Leaders.Educational Leadership Management : Perspectives on Preparation and Practice, 245. Parkay, F.W., Anctil, E.J. and Hass, G., 2014.Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. Beane, J.A., 2016.Curriculum integration: Designing the core of democratic education. Teachers College Press. Young, M., 2013. Overcoming the crisis in curriculum theory: a knowledge-based approach.Journal of curriculum studies,45(2), pp.101-118. Lantolf, J.P., Thorne, S.L. and Poehner, M.E., 2015. Sociocultural theory and second language development.Theories in second language acquisition: An introduction, pp.207-226. Scott, S. and Palincsar, A., 2013. Sociocultural theory.The Gale Group, Inc. Dickens, D.R. and Fontana, A., 2015.Postmodernism and social inquiry. Routledge. Williams, J., 2014.Understanding poststructuralism. Routledge. Hanssen, B., 2014.Critique of violence: between poststructuralism and critical theory. Routledge.